An oil and gas rig, whether onshore or offshore involves a large network of interconnected pipes and tubes. These pipes and tubes are present both underwater and on the ground. Hence, they have to withstand various environmental conditions.

Casing tubing involves the outer tubes which surround the inner main tubes. These tubes generally line the wellbore and are important for preventing the soil and groundwater from getting contaminated by the drilling mud and extracted fluids. Besides, this outer structure forms the core of a support system which is important to keep the wellbore steady even under high loads.

The casing process works simultaneously with the drilling process. First, the drilling is done. Then after a while, the drill is taken out and the casing is cemented. The procedure is repeated thereafter.

The Importance Of Casing Tubing

In a country like UAE having numerous oil wells, casing tubing becomes a lot more important as it forms the core of the oil well construction. Besides preventing the soil and groundwater from getting contaminated, it also helps to transport the oil from the well to the surface.

Both tubing and casing can be seen as individual structures also. While the tubing forms the inner portion of a casing tubing arrangement, casing forms the outer supporting feature. Due to this, tubing generally has a smaller diameter than that of the casing. There is also a threshold value of 114.3 mm for the diameter. A tube of this diameter can be considered both as tubing as well as casing. Any diameter above this threshold value corresponds to casing while any diameter below this value corresponds to tubing.

The shape of casing is generally like a funnel, with a broad face at the top and a narrow face at the bottom. The casing comes in various shapes and sizes, depending upon its use. Not only is it applied in vertical drilling operations but it is also important for horizontal drilling ones.

Casing Tubing Material

The casing in an oil well may be made up of various types of materials, some of which are listed below:

• Carbon Steel: ASTM A106 Gr. B, API 5L Gr. B, X42, X52, X60, X65, X70, X80(PSL1 / PSL2). These can be used in high heat, extreme cold, and even for transporting steam at a high temperature.
• Carbon Steel Alloy Low Temp: ASTM A333 Gr.6. These form the cover tubing of many other tubes.
• Carbon Steel Alloy High Temp: ASTM A335 Gr P1/P5/P9/P11/P22. These are known for their high tensile strength and smooth internal finish.
• Austenitic Stainless Steel: ASTM A312 Gr TP304/304L, A312 Gr TP316/316L,A312 Gr TP321, A312 Gr TP347. These are fireproof and provide the much-needed fire protection to keep your oil plant safe.
• Duplex & Super Duplex: ASTM A790 S31803, ASTM A790 S32760/S32750.They can be used for a wide range of subsea applications along with the extraction process.

While these materials are the most widely used ones, you can also get the casing in custom alloys depending upon your requirement. There are several suppliers in UAE such as New World Horizon General Trading L.L.C, AOSS, Trio-Tech Tools, etc. who can provide high-quality casing tubing in Dubai at competitive prices.

As the name suggests, Cuni Fittings or Copper-Nickel fittings are made using an alloy of Copper and Nickel. These fittings are known for their use in underwater and marine applications. This is because they have strong general resistance to corrosion that usually occurs due to seawater. Due to the high concentration of Copper and Nickel, cuni fittings are extensively used in power plants and the shipbuilding industry for connecting pipes.

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Grinding balls are pieces of equipment used in mining and industries for breaking down secondary raw materials such as rocks, cement, and stone. This in turn, facilitates the extraction of ores and minerals from these secondary raw materials. Due to this function, grinding balls have become very much essential in the whole extraction process, as without these the rocks and other secondary materials cannot be broken down.

The Material of Grinding Balls

In general, grinding balls can be made up of various types of materials. These can be either steel, hard metal, or even ceramic. Grinding balls made up of diverse materials have different areas of application as listed below:

• Stainless Steel balls – There are mostly used in applications where corrosion resistance is required. The main properties being that they can withstand pressure and possess magnetic properties – and are thus used accordingly.
• Aluminum balls – These are generally cheaper and can help break down secondary materials for the extraction of minerals.
• Ceramic balls – These have a smooth surface, are lightweight, have lower frictional resistance, higher hardness, and higher corrosion resistance.
• Hard metal balls – There are used for breaking and crushing activities.
• Tungsten Carbide balls – These are harder than the ones made from stainless steel and can be used in places where stainless steel is not enough. But, since they are very expensive, they are not as widely used as the other types of grinding balls.

The most common types of grinding balls are the one made from steel and steel alloy. These have a wide range of applications due to their high resistance to wear and low abrasion rates.

Besides, these balls can come with different strength of  hardness and tolerance which might range anywhere up to 66 on the Rockwell scale and 105 on the Vicker hardness scale.

Some Other Important Points to Note

Grinding balls are generally used along with mills. They can range from 3/4 inches to several inches in diameter. The choice of size, therefore, depends completely on the application area and the build of the machinery in which is being utilized.

The grinding balls can be used for both wet grindings as well as dry grinding purposes. Since both the processes differ in nature with dry consuming more power and producing larger-sized particles as compared to wet grindings, the properties of both the types of balls also differ.

Grinding balls differ from grinding beads in the sense that they are much larger. Also, they are highly spherical and are precision ground for specific purposes. Their larges size also makes them more suitable material from grinding, when compared to grinding beads.

Getting High-Quality Grinding Balls

In a country like UAE which has engineering and industrial activities going all year round, there is always a high demand for quality industrial products. This demand is effectively managed by some of the top grinding ball suppliers in the region such as New World Horizon General Trading L.L.C, Multi Bio-Pro, etc. This ensures that there will never be a dearth of high-quality materials so that you can carry on the industrial activities with ease.

Flanges are basic pieces of equipment used to connect the various pipes, valves, pumps and other pieces of equipment that are installed in an oil & gas plant. By acting as a connecting medium, they make it easier to connect and disconnect various pieces while also making the cleaning and maintenance tasks a lot easier.

In a flourishing oil and gas industry such as that in the UAE, there is always a huge demand for high-quality flanges. Even though the oil and gas industry is the primary and foremost user of these flanges, they can also be used in various other manufacturing and production activities.

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Shinkawa Electric is a famous Japanese company dealing with sensors/transducers, condition monitors, diagnostic systems and a lot more. Founded in 1927, Shinkawa has been providing quality monitoring systems to be installed in power plants around the world, including areas like UAE and the Middle East.

One of the best parts about the company is the “Total Engineering” solutions it provides – meaning that it is involved in almost all the stages of product development from start to finish. With its offices spread all over the globe, Shinkawa can work in close coordination with the plants to enhance productivity.

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